Clinical literatureDual incretin receptor agonist
Tirzepatide
A synthetic peptide investigated for combined agonism at glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptors.
GIP and GLP-1 receptor signallingGlucose-regulated metabolic pathwaysIntegrated incretin pharmacology
Peer-reviewed receptor-signalling work and large randomized clinical programmes have characterised the pharmacology of the tirzepatide molecule. The scientific literature cited here describes the compound; it does not establish the identity, purity, safety or suitability of a catalogue item.
Clinical literatureTriple hormone-receptor agonist
Retatrutide
An investigational peptide designed to activate GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon receptors within a single molecule.
Multi-receptor metabolic signallingGlucagon / incretin pathway interactionDose-response pharmacology
A randomized phase 2 study published in 2023 evaluated the retatrutide molecule in adults with obesity and documented its triple-receptor pharmacology. The cited evidence concerns the investigational molecule, not this catalogue material.
Clinical literatureDual glucagon / GLP-1 receptor agonist
Survodutide
An investigational dual agonist combining glucagon-receptor and GLP-1-receptor activity.
Glucagon and GLP-1 receptor co-activationHepatic metabolic signallingEnergy-balance pathway research
A 48-week randomized phase 2 trial studied survodutide in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) with fibrosis. This is compound-level scientific context only and is not a therapeutic claim for catalogue material.
Clinical literatureGrowth hormone-releasing hormone analogue
Tesamorelin
A synthetic analogue of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), investigated through the pituitary GH / IGF-1 axis.
GHRH receptor biologyGH / IGF-1 axis signallingBody-composition and hepatic-fat research endpoints
Randomized human studies have characterised tesamorelin as a GHRH analogue and measured visceral adipose, liver-fat and endocrine endpoints in defined clinical populations.
Clinical literaturePeptide / amino-acid preparation
Cerebrolysin
A complex preparation of low-molecular-weight peptides and amino acids investigated in neurotrophic and neuroprotection research.
Neurotrophic signalling modelsIschaemia and recovery researchCognition-focused clinical endpoints
Cerebrolysin has been investigated in animal models and randomized human studies across several neurological settings. The evidence base is heterogeneous, so a professional research page should present the literature without implying a universal clinical conclusion.
Early clinical literatureSynthetic melanocortin analogue
Melanotan II
A cyclic analogue of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone investigated through melanocortin receptor pathways.
Melanocortin receptor pharmacologyPigmentation signallingEarly human pharmacology
Small early-phase human studies characterised pharmacological effects and adverse events. The evidence base is limited and does not support presenting the catalogue material as an established therapeutic product.
Early clinical literatureSynthetic heptapeptide
Selank
A synthetic heptapeptide investigated in neuropeptide, enkephalin and GABA-related research models.
Neuropeptide signallingGABA / enkephalin pathway researchExploratory anxiety-related clinical endpoints
The human literature includes small comparative studies, largely from a limited set of research groups and regions. Those limitations should remain visible when communicating the evidence.
Preclinical literatureInvestigational pentadecapeptide
BPC-157
A 15-amino-acid investigational peptide discussed in experimental tissue-injury and signalling models; a validated clinical mechanism has not been established.
Preclinical tissue-response modelsExperimental angiogenic and repair signallingTranslational-development limitations
The published literature remains dominated by preclinical models. A 2026 translational review reported no approved formulation, no validated dosing regimen and no completed phase II clinical trial. That limitation is important context for responsible research communication.
Preclinical literatureCopper-binding tripeptide complex
GHK-Cu
Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine complexed with copper(II), studied in fibroblast and extracellular-matrix models.
Fibroblast biologyExtracellular-matrix remodellingCollagen and metalloproteinase expression
Cell-culture studies have reported changes in collagen synthesis, matrix metalloproteinase expression and fibroblast behaviour after exposure to GHK-Cu. These are laboratory findings and should not be translated directly into clinical claims.
Preclinical literatureCopper-binding tripeptide complex
AHK-Cu
L-alanyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine complexed with copper(II), investigated in dermal papilla cell and ex-vivo follicle models.
Dermal papilla cell biologyEx-vivo follicle modelsCell proliferation and survival signalling
Published work includes ex-vivo human hair-follicle and cultured dermal papilla cell experiments. These models are useful for mechanistic research but do not by themselves establish clinical efficacy.
Preclinical literatureGrowth-hormone C-terminal fragment
AOD9604
A synthetic C-terminal fragment derived from human growth hormone and historically investigated for metabolic signalling separate from full-length GH.
Preclinical lipid-metabolism modelsGrowth-hormone fragment pharmacologyBeta-adrenergic pathway research
Preclinical mouse work investigated lipid-metabolism effects, while historical development literature described early clinical exploration. Human evidence is limited and should not be presented as established efficacy.
Mechanistic literatureCellular redox cofactor
NAD+
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a central redox cofactor used in energy metabolism and as a substrate for multiple enzyme families.
Cellular redox stateNAD-dependent enzyme systemsMetabolic and mitochondrial research
NAD+ biology is well established, but most controlled human intervention literature studies NAD+ precursors such as NR or NMN rather than direct use of the catalogue material. The distinction matters when interpreting published evidence.
Mechanistic literatureGlycoprotein hormone
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
A heterodimeric glycoprotein hormone that signals through the luteinizing hormone / chorionic gonadotropin receptor (LHCGR), a G-protein-coupled receptor.
LHCGR receptor signallingcAMP and downstream signalling cascadesReproductive endocrine biology
hCG and LHCGR biology are extensively established in endocrine research. Catalogue presentation should nevertheless distinguish basic receptor biology from any intended clinical or veterinary use.
Laboratory accessoryLaboratory preparation material
Bacteriostatic water
A preparation accessory rather than an active research analyte. Its role in a laboratory workflow depends on validated protocols, compatibility requirements and the specification of the material being prepared.
Laboratory preparation workflowsProtocol compatibilityControlled handling and labelling
No biological efficacy claim is appropriate for a preparation accessory. Laboratory users should follow the validated protocol and material specification relevant to their own work.